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RESUMEN Introducción: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en el período 2019-2020 en Previsora, comunidad urbana, de Camagüey. Su ejecución fue liderada por investigadores y profesionales de enfermería comunitaria. El objetivo del presente trabajo está dirigido a caracterizar la comunidad desde la perspectiva histórico social y de salud para la identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje de los profesionales de enfermería comunitaria. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio etnográfico como método de recopilación descriptivo de datos a partir de la combinación de técnicas y fuentes; de ellas se especifica: grupos focales, entrevista a profundidad, entrevista estructurada abierta y la observación participante y dentro del método cuantitativo: entrevista estructurada cerrada; así como los elementos más significativos del Análisis de la Situación de salud. Se realizó una triangulación teórica y metodológica de técnicas, instrumentos y fuentes en correspondencia con la metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa, según el momento de la investigación. Resultados: Se evidenció falta de sentido de pertenencia de los pobladores, indisciplinas sociales que perjudican la comunidad y su salud, deterioro de las relaciones interpersonales, sistema eco cultural deficiente y se identificó la necesidad de emprender otras acciones comunitarias que inciten el cambio y modifiquen el cuadro de salud comunitaria. Discusión: Los resultados que se exhiben coinciden con los de investigaciones desarrolladas por prestigiosos profesionales de las ciencias sociales y humanísticas.
ABSTRACT Introduction: A technological développent investigation was carried out in the period 2019-2020 in Previsora, an urban community, in Camagüey. Its execution was led by researchers and community nursing professionals. The objective of this work is aimed at characterizing the community from a historical, social and health perspective in order to identify the learning needs of community nursing professionals. Methods: An ethnographic study was carried out as a method of descriptive data collection from the combination of techniques and sources; of them are specified: focus groups, in-depth interview, open structured interview and participant observation and within the quantitative method: closed structured interview; as well as the most significant elements of the Health Situation Analysis. A theoretical and methodological triangulation of techniques, instruments and sources was carried out in correspondence with the qualitative and quantitative methodology, according to the moment of the investigation. Results: Lack of sense of belonging of the inhabitants was evidenced, social indiscipline that harms the community and its health, deterioration of interpersonal relationships, deficient eco-cultural system and it was identified the need to undertake other community actions that incite change the environment and modify the community health chart. Discussion: The results that are exhibited coincide with those of research carried out by prestigious professionals in the social and humanistic sciences.
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Un estimado de 12 millones y medio de muertes anuales, las cuales representan casi la cuarta parte de la letalidad global, se atribuyen a ambientes no saludables. La OMS identificó factores medioambientales susceptibles a gestión o cambio, que pueden ser modificados mediante intervenciones clave, a fin de disminuir la morbimortalidad de un centenar de enfermedades o afecciones. Este estudio tuvo como finalidad comparar y analizar las actitudes del personal de enfermería comunitaria sobre intervenciones ambientales para la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias, condiciones neonatales y nutricionales, y enfermedades no transmisibles; ya que en la medida que estuvieran predispuestos y tuvieran una actitud positiva hacia las intervenciones, esto debería influir en su conducta proactiva y en sus próximas actividades de promoción de la salud. La muestra final de 158 participantes estuvo compuesta por 21 enfermeros y 137 enfermeras, con edades comprendidas entre 22 y 53 años, con una mediana de 29 años (±6,74). Para la elaboración del cuestionario de actitudes se tomó como base la sección "Enfermedades y lesiones e intervenciones ambientales clave" del informe global de la OMS titulado "Prevenir enfermedades mediante ambientes saludables" Se obtuvieron los índices de actitud por intervención y categoría de acuerdo al modelo propuesto por Manassero & Vásquez. Los resultados mostraron que los índices actitudinales, para la categoria "adecuada" son positivos y los más altos, ligeramente positivos los de las plausible y levemente negativos para "ingenuas", es decir, los enfermeros, pueden identificar acciones adecuadas con mayor facilidad, se le dificulta identificar las frases plausibles y más las ingenuas. Lo que permite comprobar que las actitudes de los enfermeros pueden ser paradójicas y confusas. Siendo evidente la necesidad de realizar sesiones educativas continúos y acorde con las actualizaciones científicas y políticas internacionales y nacionales. Se recomienda incluir la reflexión explícita y personal como instrumento básico para lograr el cambio actitudinal(AU)
An estimated of 12.5 million annual deaths, which represent nearly a quarter of global fatalities, are attributed to unhealthy environments. WHO identified environmental factors susceptible to management or change, which can be modified through key interventions, in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of a hundred diseases or conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the attitudes of community nursing staff regarding environmental interventions for the prevention of infectious and parasitic diseases, neonatal and nutritional conditions, and non-communicable diseases; since to the extent that they were predisposed and had a positive attitude towards the interventions, this should influence their proactive behavior and their next health promotion activities. The final sample of 158 participants was made up of 21 male nurses and 137 female nurses, aged between 22 and 53 years, with a median of 29 years (±6.74). For the elaboration of the questionnaire of attitudes, the section "Diseases and injuries and key environmental interventions" of the WHO global report entitled "Preventing diseases through healthy environments" was taken as a basis. Attitude indices were obtained by intervention and category according to the model proposed by Manassero & Vásquez. The results showed that the attitudinal indices for the "adequate" category are positive and the highest, slightly positive for the plausible and slightly negative for "naive", that is, the nurses, can more easily identify appropriate actions, It makes it difficult for him to identify plausible sentences and more naive ones. This allows verifying that nurses' attitudes can be paradoxical and confusing. Being evident the need to carry out continuous educational sessions and in accordance with international and national scientific and political updates. It is recommended to include explicit and personal reflection as a basic instrument to achieve attitudinal change(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Community Health Nursing , Environment , Health Promotion , Parasitic Diseases , Behavior , Attitude , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Communicable Diseases , Disease PreventionABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the traditional Chinese medical (TCM) constitution status of young and middle-aged residents and to analyze related influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to obtain data of 1 082 young and middle-aged residents in China from April to May 2019. The general characteristic, habits, emotional status and TCM constitution types of young and middle-aged residents were been collected.Results:The number of normal constitution types was 415(38.35%, 415/1 082), and the number of biased constitution types was 667(61.65%, 667/1 082) which was dominated by qi-deficiency constitution (16.70%, 344/2 060), yang-deficiency constitution (16.17%, 333/2 060) and damp-heat constitution (15.97%, 329/2 060). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the dietary regularity, taking vigorous exercise and taking moderate exercise were the protective factors of the biased constitution types of young and middle-aged residents( OR values were 0.624, 0.704, 0.704, all P<0.05), while the female, meat-based diet, anxiety and depression were the risk factors of the biased constitution types of young and middle-aged residents( OR values were 2.009-2.568, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The biased constitution is common among young and middle-aged residents. The risk factors of biased constitution are unhealthy lifestyle, anxiety and depression,which suggest the community to develop actively interventions to adjust the lifestyle and strengthen the maintenance of mental health of young and middle-aged residents.
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Objective:To understand the current situation of the ideological and political cognition of the postgraduate courses for the master degree of nursing and the analysis of the demand for the ideological and political curriculum of the community nursing, and provide preliminary experience for the integration of ideological and political elements into the teaching practice of community nursing.Methods:Using phenomenological research method, the semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 full-time nursing master degree postgraduates from Tongji University in Shanghai. Colaizzi 7-step analysis was used to analyze the data.Results:Under the mode of curriculum ideological and political education, the cognition and needs of nursing master students can be summarized into four themes: the deficiency of curriculum ideological and political cognition, changes in professional cognition, recognition of the role and importance of curriculum ideological and political education, expectations and needs of community nursing curriculum ideological and political education.Conclusion:Nursing students with master′s degree have a vague understanding of "curriculum ideological and political". In the future, they can add diversified teaching methods starting from professional quality, humanistic care and patriotism education, so as to make the community nursing curriculum ideological and political concept more popular, and strive to cultivate senior nursing talents with both ability and morality.
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Objective@#To explore the hybrid teaching mode and effect in the area of vocational nursing "community nursing".@*Methods@#The first class of the 2015 higher vocational nursing students was taught using a hybrid teaching method (the observation group), and the second class was taught by the traditional teaching method as the control group. After the course, a self-made questionnaire was used to conduct a subjective evaluation survey of the hybrid teaching methods of the observation group students. The scores of the two groups of students were analyzed, and the teaching effects of the two groups were compared.@*Results@#Nearly 89.58% (43/48) of the observation group considered that hybrid teaching could promote their self-learning, 81.25% (39/48) of the students increased their interests in learning, 75.00% (36/48) of students had improved their comprehensive use of knowledge, 83.33% (40/48) of the students had expanded their knowledge, and 79.17% (38/48) of the students had improved their self-learning ability. 75.00% (36/48) of the students had improved their ability in analyzing and solving problems, 87.50% (42/48) of the students had improved their teamwork ability, and 79.17% (38/48)of the students thought that hybrid teaching was better than traditional teaching; There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of the memory test questions between the two groups (t value was 0.758, P>0.05); and the scores of the two groups of applied questions were significantly different (t value was 12.035, P<0.05). The total score of the examination was 80.69±3.24 in the observation group and 75.79±3.46 in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (t value was 7.163, P<0.05), and the score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group.@*Conclusion@#The hybrid teaching model is suitable for higher vocational nursing majors and can improve students' comprehensive ability.
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Introducción: La actividad de enfermería en los policlínicos es fundamental para alcanzar los resultados de salud que se desean en la población. Brindar estos servicios con eficiencia es un reto y un encargo actual en aras de lograr una mejor utilización de los recursos asignados. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficiencia del trabajo de enfermería en policlínicos de La Habana. Método: Se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva transversal en la totalidad de los policlínicos del municipio Diez de Octubre. Se tomó como base metodológica el algoritmo para el estudio de la eficiencia en unidades del primer nivel de atención de salud en Cuba que emplea el Análisis Envolvente de Datos. Se utilizaron cuatro indicadores de resultados y uno de recursos. Resultados: De los ocho policlínicos, solo cuatro resultaron eficientes. Dos resultaron unidades de mejor práctica y fueron par de referencia para la mayoría de los ineficientes. Las principales reservas de la eficiencia están en el cumplimiento insuficiente de las actividades de seguimiento a pacientes priorizados. Las unidades con mayor nivel de calificación del personal no alcanzaron la eficiencia. Conclusiones: Se determinaron niveles altos de eficiencia técnica pura para la actividad de enfermería en los policlínicos, no obstante, dada la presencia de unidades ineficientes se debe continuar investigando en esta temática. Existen unidades para las cuales hay un nivel de ineficiencia estructuralmente determinada, que para resolverla es necesario un análisis de la distribución y consumo de recursos en el municipio(AU)
Introduction: Nursing activity in polyclinics is fundamental to achieve the expected health results in the population. Offering those services with efficiency is both a challenge and a current endeavor aimed at achieving a better use of the resources allocated. Objective: Evaluate nursing efficiency in Havana polyclinics. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted of all the polyclinics in the municipality of Diez de Octubre. The methodological foundation of the study was the algorithm for efficiency assessment in Cuban primary health care units, based on data envelopment analysis. Use was made of four indicators for results and one for resources. Results: Of the eight polyclinics, only four were found to be efficient. Two were best practice units and served as reference for most of the inefficient polyclinics. The main efficiency reserves had to do with poor compliance with follow-up activities for priority patients. The units with the most highly qualified personnel did not achieve the desired efficiency. Conclusions: High levels of pure technical efficiency were determined for nursing activity in the polyclinics. However, given the existence of inefficient units, further research should be conducted about the topic. In a number of units there is a structurally determined level of inefficiency to solve which it is necessary to perform an analysis of the distribution and consumption of resources in the municipality(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Community Health Centers , Family Nursing , Primary Care Nursing/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
According to 'National Standard of Undergraduate Teaching Quality for Nursing Science', the mode of community nursing practice was explored and implemented by the School of Nursing in Tianjin Medical University. Focus on competency, the syllabus of community nursing practice was revised. Optimizing the management system of community nursing practice, developing the team of high-quality teachers, building standardized community nursing practice bases, and improving the evaluation system of community nursing practice aimed to enhance comprehensive quality of nursing undergraduates and the quality of community nursing practice. Within the concept of "big health", our school is exploring the new mode of combining community nursing practice with health management-oriented nursing personnel training, which lays an important foundation for training applied nursing talents to meet the needs on development of community health services.
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According to 'National Standard of Undergraduate Teaching Quality for Nursing Science',the mode of community nursing practice was explored and implemented by the School of Nursing in Tianjin Medical University. Focus on competency, the syllabus of community nursing practice was revised. Optimizing the management system of community nursing practice, developing the team of high-quality teachers, building standardized community nursing practice bases, and improving the evaluation system of community nursing practice aimed to enhance comprehensive quality of nursing undergraduates and the quality of community nursing practice. Within the concept of "big health", our school is exploring the new mode of combining community nursing practice with health management-oriented nursing personnel training, which lays an important foundation for training applied nursing talents to meet the needs on development of community health services.
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La investigación se desarrolló en tres etapas que conjugan una metodología descriptiva cuantitativa con una fase de intervención con características de acción participativa, se inició con un diagnóstico comunitario en salud mental, luego una intervención y evaluación del impacto social de las intervenciones de enfermería en el área de salud mental, que tuvo por objetivo: medir la efectividad del cuidado de Enfermería en el fomento de la salud mental efectuado por los estudiantes y docentes del Programa de la Universidad del Magdalena en los niños de 5 a 14 años del barrio Simón Bolívar de Santa Marta (2013-II al 2015-II), para detectar alteraciones en el comportamiento y desarrollo en los niños se utilizó el instrumento Cuestionario de síntomas para niños (RQC) diseñado y valorado en el marco colaborativo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los hallazgos encontrados para la población de 5 a 9 años en el 2013-2 fue de un 19% para posibles alteraciones en salud mental y en 2015-2 se encontró un 16% de los menores afectados, y para la población de 10 a 15 años se encontró en el 2013-2 un 23% y para el 2015-2 un 13%.
The research refers to 3 stages that combine a quantitative descriptive methodology with an intervention phase with characteristics of participatory action, begins with a diagnosis in mental health, then an intervention and evaluation of the social impact of nursing functions in the mental health area, which had an objective: to measure health care in the promotion of mental health effect of students and teachers of the Magdalena University Program in children from 5 to 14 years of the Simón Bolívar de Santa Marta (2013-II to 2015-II), to detect alterations in behavior and development in children, as well as the RQC instrument designed and evaluated in the collaborative framework of OMS. The findings found for the population from 5 to 9 years in 2013-2 were 19% for possible alterations in mental health and in 2015-2 are found in 16% of children, and for the population of 10 to 15 in 2013-2 23% and for 2015-2 in 13%.
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Mental Health , ChildABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, la enfermera de la familia se distingue por tener múltiples áreas de resultados, para lo cual son necesarios diferentes recursos. Se desconoce si es mucho o poco el recurso consumido de cara a las actividades realizadas. Objetivo: Caracterizar la eficiencia de la actividad de enfermería de consultorios del médico y enfermera de la familia y determinar áreas de mejoramiento para incrementar la eficiencia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con la totalidad de consultorios de tres policlínicos del municipio 10 de Octubre. Se resolvió un modelo de análisis envolvente de datos de maximización de resultados y rendimientos constantes a escala con seis indicadores de resultados y cuatro de recursos. Resultados: La media de la eficiencia estuvo entre 86,66 por ciento y 95,63 por ciento. Para mejorar la eficiencia se deben alcanzar valores promedios de cumplimiento del seguimiento para atención materno infantil entre 85,32 por ciento y 88,58 por ciento; para pacientes con enfermedades crónicas entre 8,99 por ciento y 41,67 por ciento; para pacientes con enfermedades transmisibles entre 34,87 por ciento y 54,55 por ciento; para el adulto mayor entre 65,70 por ciento y 90,23 por ciento y para las citologías vaginales entre 91,97 por ciento y 162,72 por ciento. Además, reducir en promedio el gasto en material gastable entre 11,25 por ciento y 47,28 por ciento; en medicamentos entre 15,31 por ciento y 107,22 por ciento y en recursos humanos entre 15,01 por ciento y 32,72 por ciento. Conclusiones: Se determinaron niveles altos de eficiencia técnica pura para la actividad de enfermería en los consultorios, aunque se verificó la presencia de unidades ineficientes. Existen unidades con ineficiencia estructuralmente determinada que para resolverla es necesario un análisis del consumo de recursos(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba, the family nurse is distinguished by having multiple areas of results for which different resources are necessary. It is unknown whether the resource consumed is much or little in the face of the activities carried out. Objectives: To characterize the efficiency of the nursing activity of doctor's offices and nurse of the family and determined areas of improvement to increase efficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with all the offices of three polyclinics of the municipality 10 October. A model of data enveloping analysis maximization of results and constant returns to scale was solved using six outputs four inputs. Results: The average efficiency was between 86.66 percent and 95.63 percent. In order to improve efficiency, average compliance values for maternal and child care should be reached between 85.32 percent and 88.58 percent; for patients with chronic diseases between 8.99 percent and 41.67 percent; for patients with communicable diseases between 34.87 percent and 54.55 percent; for the older adult between 65.70 percent and 90.23 percent and for vaginal cytology between 91.97 percent and 162.72 percent and to reduce on average the expenditure on material that can be spent between 11.25 percent and 47.28 percent; in medicines between 15.31 percent and 107.22 percent and in human resources between 15.01 percent and 32.72 percent. Conclusions: High levels of pure technical efficiency were determined for the nursing activity in the clinics, although the presence of inefficient units was verified. There are units with structurally determined inefficiency that, in order to solve it, an analysis of the consumption of resources is necessary(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Office Nursing/trends , Efficiency , Family Nurse Practitioners/trends , Physicians' Offices/standards , Health Status IndicatorsABSTRACT
La atención primaria de salud forma parte integrante del Sistema Nacional de Salud. La enfermería comunitaria es la parte de la Enfermería que desarrolla y aplica, de forma integral, los cuidados al individuo, la familia y la comunidad, en el continuo proceso salud-enfermedad. El profesional de enfermería comunitaria contribuye de forma específica para que los individuos, familia y la comunidad adquieran habilidades, hábitos normas de conductas que fomenten su autocuidado; en el marco de la salud, la que comprende los siguientes elementos: promoción, protección, recuperación y rehabilitación de la salud, además de la prevención de enfermedades. La visita docente-asistencial es la actividad continua y exclusiva de la práctica y enseñanza de la profesión médica. Dicha actividad según el escenario en que se realice, puede ser hospitalaria o en la comunidad. En la atención primaria de salud existe una metodología para el desarrollo del pase de visita de enfermería en la educación en el trabajo, lo que adquiere un carácter peculiar dentro de la práctica laboral. Con el objetivo de describir dicha metodología y valorar teóricamente el papel de la enfermería comunitaria en la atención primaria de salud, se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre las formas de organización de la enseñanza y los métodos de educación en el trabajo aplicados a la carrera de Enfermería (AU).
Primary health care is a part of the National Health System. Community nursery is the part of nursing comprehensively developing and applying care to individuals, families and the community in the continuous health-disease process. The community nursery professionals contribute, in a specific way, to the acquisition of skills, habits, behavior norms promoting self-care by individuals, families and the community in the context of the primary health care which includes the following elements: health promotion, protection, recovering and rehabilitation, and also disease prevention. The teaching-care round is the continuous and exclusive activity of the medical profession teaching and practice. That activity, according to the scenery in which it is carried out, may be in the hospital or in the community. There is a methodology in the primary health care for the development of the nursery ward round in the education at work. With the objective of describing that methodology and theoretically assessing the role of community nursing in the primary health care, an exhaustive bibliographic review was carried out on the forms of teaching organization and the methods of education at work used in nursing studies (AU).
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Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care/methods , Methodology as a Subject , Nursing Care/methods , Physicians/standards , Teaching/standards , Work/standards , Education, Continuing , Practice Patterns, Nurses'/standardsABSTRACT
Introducción: En el cuidado con enfoque comunitario se debe asumir a la comunidad como protagonista e implicarla en el proceso del cuidado de la salud de sus miembros. Objetivo: Describir las oportunidades que brinda el cuidado enfermero en la comunidad y su influencia en la mejora en la salud de la población. Métodos: Mediante la técnica de revisión bibliográfica, se realizó un exhaustivo análisis de la muestra seleccionada que abordan en su totalidad la concepción preventiva del cuidado enfermero en la comunidad y al grupo familiar, desde una visión integradora. Conclusiones: Los cuidados enfermeros en la comunidad brindan la oportunidad de desarrollar acciones de salud de amplio alcance que permiten llegar a un mayor número de población en un menor tiempo posible(AU)
Introduction: In the care with a community approach, the community should be assumed as the protagonist and be involved in the process of health care for its members. Objective: To describe the opportunities offered by nursing care in the community and its influence on improving the health of the population. Methods: Through the bibliographic review technique, an exhaustive analysis of the selected sample was carried out, which fully addresses the preventive conception of nursing care in the community and the family group, from an integrating perspective. Conclusions: Nursing care in the community provides the opportunity to develop broad-ranging health actions that allow reaching a greater number of people in the shortest possible time(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Preventive Medicine , Nursing CareABSTRACT
Frailty is a distinct clinical syndrome wherein the individual has low reserves and is highly vulnerable to internal and external stressors. Although it is associated with disability and multiple comorbidities, it can also be present in individuals who seem healthy. Frailty is multidimensional and its pathophysiology is complex. Early identification and intervention can potentially decrease or reverse frailty, especially in the early stages. Primary care physicians, community nurses and community social networks have important roles in the identification of pre-frail and frail elderly through the use of simple frailty screening tools and rapid geriatric assessments. Appropriate interventions that can be initiated in a primary care setting include a targeted medical review for reversible medical causes of frailty, medication appropriateness, nutritional advice and exercise prescription. With ongoing training and education, the multidisciplinary engagement and coordination of care of the elderly in the community can help to build resilience and combat frailty in our rapidly ageing society.
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Aged , Humans , Aging , Community Health Services , Frail Elderly , Frailty , Geriatric Assessment , Methods , Geriatrics , Methods , Nurses , Nursing , Primary Health Care , Methods , Social SupportABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss the phase of reinterpretation of objective reality of the Theory of Praxis Intervention of Nursing in Collective Health (Tipesc), in search of the praxis that it promotes. Method: Analysis of interventions in projects that are based on Tipesc and its results, since the 1990s. Results: Developed and implemented projects show that praxis is the way to achieve the aimed changes. Conclusion: We concluded that Tipesc is currently the explanatory and interventional theory, since it is grounded on its theoretical bases, which arise from philosophical bases of dialectical and historical materialism.
RESUMEN Objetivo: discutir la etapa de la reinterpretación de la realidad objetiva de la Teoría de Intervención Práxica de la Enfermería en Salud Coletiva (Tipesc) en la búsqueda de la praxis que ella fomenta. Método: el análisis de las intervenciones realizados en los proyectos que tienen como base la Tipesc y sus resultados, desde la década de 1990. Resultados: los proyectos elaborados e implementados muestran que la praxis es el camino para alcanzar las transformaciones proyectadas. Conclusión: se concluye por la actualidad de la Tipesc como teoría explicativa y también intervencionista, desde que arraigada en sus bases teóricas emanadas de las bases filosóficas del materialismo histórico y dialéctico.
RESUMO Objetivo: Discutir a etapa da reinterpretação da realidade objetiva da Teoria de Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva - Tipesc, em busca da práxis que ela fomenta. Método: Análise das intervenções realizadas em projetos que têm como base a Tipesc e seus resultados, desde a década de 1990. Resultados: Os projetos elaborados e implementados mostram que a práxis é o caminho para alcançar as transformações projetadas. Conclusão: Conclui-se pela atualidade da Tipesc como teoria explicativa e também interventiva, desde que enraizada em suas bases teóricas emanadas das bases filosóficas do materialismo histórico e dialético.
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Humans , Nursing TheoryABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of health belief mode (HBM)-based home visits on the blood pressure (BP) and health-related behaviors of elderly hypertensive patients.Methods One-year HBM-based home visits were paid to 114 elderly hypertensive patients over 80 years old chosen from the community.The normalization rate of blood pressure after intervention at 3,6,12 months and health-related behaviors after intervention were also compared with those of pre-intervention.Results The BP after intervention was improved significantly after intervention as compared with that of pre-intervention (P＜0.01).Health-related behaviors after intervention were significantly more than those before pre-intervention (P＜0.01).Conclusions The hypertensions are controlled effectively with the implementation of the HBM-based home visits to the elderly hypertensive patients.The development of disease in elderly hypertensive patients can be slowed down and their life quality can be improved.
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Objective To explore the contents and modes of community nursing training and improve community care quality.Methods The training course and assessment standard were worked out according to practical work in community health service centers,including basic nursing skills,community first aid skills,hospital infection control skills,preventive health care skills and community document management skills.Toally 58 nurses from 11 community health service centers were trained for 36 hours from January to June,2016 and tested before and after training to assess the effect of training.Result After training,the scores on all skills were significantly higher than those before training (all P＜0.01).Conclusion Regular and practical training and management are the guarantee for the improvement of the community care quality.
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Objective To investigate the effect of chain management on education among hypertensive patients of the community. Methods A total of 144 cases of hypertension patients in community were selected as the research objects, they were divided into the control group(72 cases, from February to July 2015) and the countryside group (72 cases, from September 2015 to February 2016).The control group was given routine education, and the countryside group received education with chain management. The treatment compliance and blood pressure values were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Results The score of patients behavior of drug compliance, adverse drug, self life management and cigarettes-alcohol addiction management after intervention in the countryside group were (20.32±4.41), (34.62±5.08), (41.27±3.54), (10.02±1.79) points, while they were (13.41±3.07), (26.23 ± 5.12), (39.78 ± 2.47), (7.94 ± 1.83) points in the control group. And the scores of the countryside group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t=2.930-9.864, P 0.05). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure after intervention in the countryside group were (129.63 ± 8.07), (80.12 ± 7.62), (87.43 ± 9.35) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), while they were (135.42 ± 8.13), (87.56 ± 7.79), (99.31 ± 8.72) mmHg in the control group, and there were significant differences(t=4.295, 3.800, 9.201, P<0.01). Conclusions The chain management mode of community hypertension patients with education, can effectively improve the control of blood pressure in patients, improve the treatment compliance of patients.
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Objective To explore the effect of community family nursing intervention on glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Ninety-two patients with type 2 diabetes after discharge in 6 communities of Tianhe District in Guangzhou were divided into a study group and a control group , 46 cases in each . The control group received routine care , while patients in the study group received additional community family nursing intervention, including personalized health education, diabetes family day and sharing, telephone follow-up and family home visits. The fasting plasma glucose, 2h-postprandial glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were compared. Results There were no significant differences in fasting plasma glucose, 2h-postprandial glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (all P>0.05). After intervention, there were significant differences in the three eridoxes between the two groups(all P<0.05). Conclusion The community family nursing intervention is of great importance to control the blood glucose, improve the therapeutic compliance and self-management ability in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Objective To investigate the effect of health education in the community of high risk group of pressure sore , and to provide a reference for the formulation of community health education strategies .Methods 148 subjects with NORTON score discharge assessment results less than or equal to 14 points were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 74 cases in each group.The control group received routine discharge instructions.The observation group in the conventional discharge guidance on the implementation of the home, regular and telephone guide.The self-made pressure ulcer prevention knowledge questionnaire were com-pared between the two groups at the time of discharge and intervention for caregivers to grasp the situation of pressure ulcer prevention knowledge after 3 months;The incidence rate of discharged patients in the two groups after the comparison of pressure ulcer were com-pared.Results After the intervention, the observation group significantly increased the pressure ulcer prevention, which was signifi-cantly higher than before the intervention and the control group after intervention (all p<0.05);In the observation group was discharged after 3 months, 6 months and 9 months were no bedsore.Control group 3 months after discharge pressure sore the incidence rate was 8. 11%.6 months after discharge pressure ulcer incidence rate was 16.22%.9 months after discharge pressure ulcer incidence was 22. 97%.The observation group of 3 months, 6 months, 9 months after hospital discharge rate of pressure ulcer was significantly lower than that of control group (all p<0.05).Conclusion Health education is helpful to improve caregivers knowledge related to pressure ulcer prevention, reduce the risk of high-risk population community bedsore, and is worthy of popularization and application.
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Objective To understand the influence of nursing intervention in community on hypertension pa-tients′life style and behaviors.Methods 183 hypertensive patients admitted registered in Donghu Street community were selected for nursing intervention for 18 months, from whom effect evaluation was made through pre -and post -intervention.Results Nursing intervention had significant influence on hypertension patients′life style such as smoking, drinking, salt restriction and exercise (p 0.05).Conclusion In some way community nursing intervention can alter hypertension patients′life style and help to improve their health status and quality of life.